gatsbyjs · serhalp · Dec 5, 2025 · Dec 5, 2025 · Dec 5, 2025 · Dec 5, 2025
diff --git a/.circleci/config.yml b/.circleci/config.yml
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ executors:
       GATSBY_CPU_COUNT: 2
       COMPILER_OPTIONS: GATSBY_MAJOR=<< parameters.gatsby_major >>
       NODE_NO_WARNINGS: 1
+      BROWSERSLIST_IGNORE_OLD_DATA: true
       # See https://sharp.pixelplumbing.com/install/#custom-libvips
       # libvips may or may not be installed in the CircleCI images we're using, but we
       # don't want to use it regardless, for consistency (and because it can cause problems)
@@ -798,6 +799,8 @@ jobs:
           no_output_timeout: 15m
           environment:
             NODE_OPTIONS: --max-old-space-size=2048
+            NODE_NO_WARNINGS: 1
+            BROWSERSLIST_IGNORE_OLD_DATA: true
             GENERATE_JEST_REPORT: "true"
             COMPILER_OPTIONS: GATSBY_MAJOR=5
             JEST_JUNIT_OUTPUT_DIR: ./test-results/jest-node/

diff --git a/e2e-tests/development-runtime/cypress/integration/functionality/queries-in-packages.js b/e2e-tests/development-runtime/cypress/integration/functionality/queries-in-packages.js
@@ -4,10 +4,8 @@ describe(`queries in packages`, () => {
   })
 
   it(`Should extract and run query from gatsby component`, () => {
-    // Note: in dev this may take a few ms to be populated due to the way the Gatsby Head API is
-    // implemented
-    cy.get("head > title").should(
-      `have.text`,
+    cy.title().should(
+      `eq`,
       `Testing queries in packages | Gatsby Default Starter`
     )
   })

diff --git a/...velopment-runtime/cypress/integration/head-function-export/head-with-wrap-root-element.js b/...velopment-runtime/cypress/integration/head-function-export/head-with-wrap-root-element.js
@@ -24,6 +24,14 @@ describe(`Head with wrapRootElement`, () => {
     cy.getTestElement(`jsonLD`).should(`have.text`, data.static.jsonLD)
   })
 
+  it(`updates document title`, () => {
+    cy.visit(
+      headFunctionExportSharedData.page.headWithWrapRooElement
+    ).waitForRouteChange()
+
+    cy.title().should(`eq`, contextValue.posts[0].title)
+  })
+
   it(`can use context values provided in wrapRootElement`, () => {
     cy.visit(
       headFunctionExportSharedData.page.headWithWrapRooElement

diff --git a/e2e-tests/development-runtime/cypress/integration/head-function-export/html-insertion.js b/e2e-tests/development-runtime/cypress/integration/head-function-export/html-insertion.js
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ describe(`Head function export html insertion`, () => {
       .invoke(`attr`, `href`)
       .should(`equal`, data.static.base)
     cy.getTestElement(`title`).should(`have.text`, data.static.title)
+    cy.title().should(`eq`, data.static.title)
     cy.getTestElement(`meta`)
       .invoke(`attr`, `content`)
       .should(`equal`, data.static.meta)
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ describe(`Head function export html insertion`, () => {
       .invoke(`attr`, `href`)
       .should(`equal`, data.queried.base)
     cy.getTestElement(`title`).should(`have.text`, data.queried.title)
+    cy.title().should(`eq`, data.queried.title)
     cy.getTestElement(`meta`)
       .invoke(`attr`, `content`)
       .should(`equal`, data.queried.meta)
@@ -40,6 +42,7 @@ describe(`Head function export html insertion`, () => {
       .invoke(`attr`, `href`)
       .should(`equal`, data.static.base)
     cy.getTestElement(`title`).should(`have.text`, data.static.title)
+    cy.title().should(`eq`, data.static.title)
     cy.getTestElement(`meta`)
       .invoke(`attr`, `content`)
       .should(`equal`, data.static.meta)
@@ -57,6 +60,7 @@ describe(`Head function export html insertion`, () => {
       .invoke(`attr`, `href`)
       .should(`equal`, data.queried.base)
     cy.getTestElement(`title`).should(`have.text`, data.queried.title)
+    cy.title().should(`eq`, data.queried.title)
     cy.getTestElement(`meta`)
       .invoke(`attr`, `content`)
       .should(`equal`, data.queried.meta)
@@ -73,6 +77,7 @@ describe(`Head function export html insertion`, () => {
       .invoke(`attr`, `href`)
       .should(`equal`, data.dsg.base)
     cy.getTestElement(`title`).should(`have.text`, data.dsg.title)
+    cy.title().should(`eq`, data.dsg.title)
     cy.getTestElement(`meta`)
       .invoke(`attr`, `content`)
       .should(`equal`, data.dsg.meta)
@@ -89,6 +94,7 @@ describe(`Head function export html insertion`, () => {
       .invoke(`attr`, `href`)
       .should(`equal`, data.ssr.base)
     cy.getTestElement(`title`).should(`have.text`, data.ssr.title)
+    cy.title().should(`eq`, data.ssr.title)
     cy.getTestElement(`meta`)
       .invoke(`attr`, `content`)
       .should(`equal`, data.ssr.meta)

diff --git a/e2e-tests/development-runtime/cypress/integration/head-function-export/typescript.js b/e2e-tests/development-runtime/cypress/integration/head-function-export/typescript.js
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ describe(`Tsx Pages`, () => {
     cy.visit(`/head-function-export/tsx-page`)
 
     cy.getTestElement(`title`).should(`contain`, `TypeScript`)
+    cy.title().should(`eq`, `TypeScript`)
 
     cy.getTestElement(`name`)
       .invoke(`attr`, `content`)

diff --git a/e2e-tests/production-runtime/cypress/integration/gatsby-script-inline-scripts.js b/e2e-tests/production-runtime/cypress/integration/gatsby-script-inline-scripts.js
@@ -86,7 +86,9 @@ for (const { descriptor, inlineScriptType } of typesOfInlineScripts) {
       })
     })
 
-    describe(`when navigation occurs`, () => {
+    // The back/forward navigation tests are flaky in CI, so we retry them a few times
+    // TODO(serhalp): Investigate. Maybe related to bfcache functionality in modern browsers?
+    describe(`when navigation occurs`, { retries: { runMode: 5 } }, () => {
       it(`should load only once on initial page load`, () => {
         cy.visit(page.target).waitForRouteChange()
 

diff --git a/...roduction-runtime/cypress/integration/head-function-export/head-with-wrap-root-element.js b/...roduction-runtime/cypress/integration/head-function-export/head-with-wrap-root-element.js
@@ -39,6 +39,14 @@ describe(`Head with wrapRootElement`, () => {
     cy.getTestElement(`jsonLD`).should(`have.text`, data.static.jsonLD)
   })
 
+  it(`updates document title`, () => {
+    cy.visit(
+      headFunctionExportSharedData.page.headWithWrapRooElement
+    ).waitForRouteChange()
+
+    cy.title().should(`eq`, contextValue.posts[0].title)
+  })
+
   it(`can use context values provided in wrapRootElement`, () => {
     cy.visit(
       headFunctionExportSharedData.page.headWithWrapRooElement

diff --git a/e2e-tests/production-runtime/cypress/integration/head-function-export/html-insertion.js b/e2e-tests/production-runtime/cypress/integration/head-function-export/html-insertion.js
@@ -14,10 +14,12 @@ Cypress.on("uncaught:exception", err => {
 describe(`Head function export html insertion`, () => {
   it(`should work with static data`, () => {
     cy.visit(page.basic).waitForRouteChange()
+
     cy.getTestElement(`base`)
       .invoke(`attr`, `href`)
       .should(`equal`, data.static.base)
     cy.getTestElement(`title`).should(`have.text`, data.static.title)
+    cy.title().should(`eq`, data.static.title)
     cy.getTestElement(`meta`)
       .invoke(`attr`, `content`)
       .should(`equal`, data.static.meta)
@@ -31,10 +33,12 @@ describe(`Head function export html insertion`, () => {
 
   it(`should work with data from a page query`, () => {
     cy.visit(page.pageQuery).waitForRouteChange()
+
     cy.getTestElement(`base`)
       .invoke(`attr`, `href`)
       .should(`equal`, data.queried.base)
     cy.getTestElement(`title`).should(`have.text`, data.queried.title)
+    cy.title().should(`eq`, data.queried.title)
     cy.getTestElement(`meta`)
       .invoke(`attr`, `content`)
       .should(`equal`, data.queried.meta)
@@ -47,10 +51,12 @@ describe(`Head function export html insertion`, () => {
 
   it(`should work when a Head function with static data is re-exported from the page`, () => {
     cy.visit(page.reExport).waitForRouteChange()
+
     cy.getTestElement(`base`)
       .invoke(`attr`, `href`)
       .should(`equal`, data.static.base)
     cy.getTestElement(`title`).should(`have.text`, data.static.title)
+    cy.title().should(`eq`, data.static.title)
     cy.getTestElement(`meta`)
       .invoke(`attr`, `content`)
       .should(`equal`, data.static.meta)
@@ -64,10 +70,12 @@ describe(`Head function export html insertion`, () => {
 
   it(`should work when an imported Head component with queried data is used`, () => {
     cy.visit(page.staticQuery).waitForRouteChange()
+
     cy.getTestElement(`base`)
       .invoke(`attr`, `href`)
       .should(`equal`, data.queried.base)
     cy.getTestElement(`title`).should(`have.text`, data.queried.title)
+    cy.title().should(`eq`, data.queried.title)
     cy.getTestElement(`meta`)
       .invoke(`attr`, `content`)
       .should(`equal`, data.queried.meta)
@@ -80,10 +88,12 @@ describe(`Head function export html insertion`, () => {
 
   it(`should work in a DSG page (exporting function named config)`, () => {
     cy.visit(page.dsg).waitForRouteChange()
+
     cy.getTestElement(`base`)
       .invoke(`attr`, `href`)
       .should(`equal`, data.dsg.base)
     cy.getTestElement(`title`).should(`have.text`, data.dsg.title)
+    cy.title().should(`eq`, data.dsg.title)
     cy.getTestElement(`meta`)
       .invoke(`attr`, `content`)
       .should(`equal`, data.dsg.meta)
@@ -96,10 +106,12 @@ describe(`Head function export html insertion`, () => {
 
   it(`should work in an SSR page (exporting function named getServerData)`, () => {
     cy.visit(page.ssr).waitForRouteChange()
+
     cy.getTestElement(`base`)
       .invoke(`attr`, `href`)
       .should(`equal`, data.ssr.base)
     cy.getTestElement(`title`).should(`have.text`, data.ssr.title)
+    cy.title().should(`eq`, data.ssr.title)
     cy.getTestElement(`meta`)
       .invoke(`attr`, `content`)
       .should(`equal`, data.ssr.meta)

diff --git a/e2e-tests/production-runtime/cypress/integration/head-function-export/typescript.js b/e2e-tests/production-runtime/cypress/integration/head-function-export/typescript.js
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ describe(`Tsx Pages`, () => {
     cy.visit(`/head-function-export/tsx-page`)
 
     cy.getTestElement(`title`).should(`contain`, `TypeScript`)
+    cy.title().should(`eq`, `TypeScript`)
 
     cy.getTestElement(`name`)
       .invoke(`attr`, `content`)

diff --git a/packages/gatsby/cache-dir/head/utils.js b/packages/gatsby/cache-dir/head/utils.js
@@ -117,15 +117,15 @@ export function getValidHeadNodesAndAttributes(
   const seenIds = new Map()
   const validHeadNodes = []
 
-  // Filter out non-element nodes before looping since we don't care about them
   for (const node of rootNode.childNodes) {
+    // Filter out non-element nodes before looping since we don't care about them
+    if (!isElementType(node)) continue
+
     const nodeName =
       node.attributes?.getNamedItem(`data-original-tag`)?.value ??
       node.nodeName.toLowerCase()
     const id = node.attributes?.id?.value
 
-    if (!isElementType(node)) continue
-
     if (isValidNodeName(nodeName)) {
       // <html> and <body> tags are treated differently, in that we don't render them, we only extract the attributes and apply them separetely
       if (nodeName === `html` || nodeName === `body`) {
@@ -156,9 +156,16 @@ export function getValidHeadNodesAndAttributes(
         let clonedNode = node.cloneNode(true)
         clonedNode.setAttribute(`data-gatsby-head`, true)
 
-        // // This is hack to make script tags work
+        // This is a hack to make script tags work
+        // TODO(serhalp): Explain what this is solving
         if (clonedNode.nodeName.toLowerCase() === `script`) {
-          clonedNode = massageScript(clonedNode)
+          clonedNode = cloneNodeWithoutNS(clonedNode)
+        }
+        // Recreate <title> elements in the HTML namespace to ensure `document.title` updates. When
+        // rendered inside an SVG (React 19 workaround), <title> elements inherit the SVG namespace
+        // (immutable on DOM nodes) and won't trigger an update of `document.title` when inserted in <head>.
+        if (clonedNode.nodeName.toLowerCase() === `title`) {
+          clonedNode = cloneNodeWithoutNS(clonedNode)
         }
         // Duplicate ids are not allowed in the head, so we need to dedupe them
         if (id) {
@@ -195,14 +202,19 @@ export function getValidHeadNodesAndAttributes(
   return { validHeadNodes, htmlAndBodyAttributes }
 }
 
-function massageScript(node) {
-  const script = document.createElement(`script`)
+/**
+ * Recreate an element in the HTML namespace.
+ *
+ * This is similar to `cloneNode()` but reinitializes immutable properties like the namespace.
+ */
+function cloneNodeWithoutNS(node) {
+  const clonedNode = document.createElement(node.nodeName)
   for (const attr of node.attributes) {
-    script.setAttribute(attr.name, attr.value)
+    clonedNode.setAttribute(attr.name, attr.value)
   }
-  script.innerHTML = node.innerHTML
+  clonedNode.innerHTML = node.innerHTML
 
-  return script
+  return clonedNode
 }
 
 export function isValidNodeName(nodeName) {